Introduction
In Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy, developed by Dr. Richard Schwartz, healing doesn’t come from analysing or overpowering parts—it comes from being present with them from the core of our being. This core is known as the Self.
The Self in IFS is not a part; it is the innate, undamaged centre of our consciousness. I liken it to the Adult in transactional analysis, but it is not an exact counterpart. When we are in Self, we are able to lead our internal system with compassion and clarity. To help us recognise when we are in Self, IFS identifies eight core qualities—often called the Eight C’s of Self.
The Eight C’s of Self
These eight qualities serve as internal landmarks, signalling when a person is accessing Self-energy:
1. Calm
A sense of inner peace and stillness. Calmness allows for a stable presence with parts that are agitated, afraid, or overwhelmed.
2. Clarity
The ability to see situations and internal dynamics clearly, without the fog of distorted beliefs or emotional reactivity. Clarity helps in distinguishing between different parts and their needs.
3. Curiosity
An open, interested, and non-judgemental stance toward internal experience. Curiosity is essential for befriending parts, especially those that carry shame or fear.
4. Compassion
A warm-hearted desire to relieve suffering. Compassion in IFS is directed inwardly—toward parts—as well as outwardly, fostering healing and integration.
5. Confidence
The belief that healing is possible and that the Self can lead effectively. Confidence reassures protective parts that they are not alone.
6. Courage
The willingness to face pain, trauma, and vulnerability. Courage in IFS involves staying present with parts carrying difficult memories or emotions.
7. Connectedness
A felt sense of connection—to parts, to others, and to something greater than oneself. Connectedness brings integration and coherence.
8. Creativity
The ability to approach challenges in new ways. Creativity in IFS often emerges when parts are unburdened and free to express themselves differently.
Why the C’s Matter
The Eight C’s are more than just pleasant traits—they’re therapeutic tools. When clients operate from these qualities, protectors tend to relax, exiles feel seen and safe, and healing becomes possible. The presence of even one C often signals that the Self is online and available to lead.
In contrast, when parts are dominant, we may feel controlling, critical, panicked, numb, or perfectionistic—none of which align with the C’s. Recognising the difference is key to IFS practice.
Nowadays there is a recognised ninth C – Choice.
The C’s in Clinical Practice
Therapists trained in IFS pay close attention to which C’s are present during sessions. If a client lacks access to them, the therapist may guide them to notice what part is blocking access and gently work with it.
For example:
– A client may begin a session with a part that is angry and reactive. The therapist might ask, “How do you feel toward this part?” If the client responds with irritation, it suggests another part is present.
– Once that part is acknowledged and allowed space, the client might shift into curiosity or compassion—marking a return to Self.
Beyond the Therapy Room
The Eight C’s aren’t limited to clinical settings. They can guide us in parenting, relationships, leadership, and creative work. They offer a compass for returning to our grounded, wise centre when life becomes chaotic or overwhelming.
Conclusion
The Eight C’s of Self in IFS serve as powerful guideposts for both therapists and clients. Cultivating these qualities builds the foundation for healing relationships—with ourselves and others. When we operate from calm, clarity, curiosity, and compassion, we lead not from fear or control, but from connection and presence.
References
- Schwartz, R. C. (2001). Introduction to the Internal Family Systems Model. Trailheads Publications. ISBN: 0972148000.
- Anderson, F. S., Schwartz, R. C., & Sweezy, M. (2017). Internal Family Systems Skills Training Manual. PESI Publishing.
- Sweezy, M. & Ziskind, E. (2013). Internal Family Systems Therapy: New Dimensions. Routledge.